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Joined: 07 Jul 2006
Posts: 373
Location: US
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 Posted: Sun Sep 24, 2006 12:39 pm Post subject: Sociology 101 |
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Foreword: I am going to use this space as a virtual study guide. I will be adding to it when I have new projects and tests for the rest of the semester. Figured some peple might be interested  .
Sociological Perspective:
| Quote: | Sociological perspective looks for general patterns in particular individuals. There are three main sociological perspectives: Structural-Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism. Each give a different idea on existence and function as a part of the whole.
(Sociological perspective is a point of view that focuses not on individuals but their group, or society. )
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Social Darwinism:
| Quote: | | A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. It is the notion that only the finest will survive as society evolves and that government should not intervene to help those who are "less fit." |
Conflict Theory:
| Quote: | | Social conflict theory is a Marxist-based social theory which argues that social classes in society have different amounts of wealth, and that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power. The two methods by which this exploitation is done are through brute force and economics. |
Underlying Principle of symbolic interactionism:
| Quote: | | How individuals and groups interact, focusing on the creation of personal identity through interaction with others. |
Manifest funcitons:
| Quote: | | Manifest functions are the consequences that people observe or expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. |
Experimental group:
| Quote: | | A group of individuals participating in the program activities or receiving the program services being evaluated or studied. Experimental groups (also known as treatment groups) are usually compared to a control or comparison group. |
Culture:
| Quote: | | a particular society at a particular time and place |
Material Culture:
| Quote: | | the buildings, tools, and other artifacts that includes any material item that has had cultural meaning ascribed to it, past and present. |
Non-Material Culture:
| Quote: | | A component of culture that consists of the abstract or intangible human creations of society (such as attitudes, beliefs, and values) that influence people’s behavior. |
Ethnocentrism:
| Quote: | | judging other cultures by the standards of your own, which you believe to be superior. |
Cultural Relativism:
| Quote: | | understanding the ways of other cultures and not judging these practices according to one's own cultural ways. |
Culture Shock:
| Quote: | | The trauma and anxiety, the disorientation, caused by movement from one's familiar cultural surroundings to an alien one. Experienced by refugees and missionaries, or anyone who goes from one society to another. |
Emoticons:
| Quote: | | The online means of facial expressions and gestures. (e.g. 'smilies) |
Values:
| Quote: | | what people think is right and wrong, good and bad, desirable and undesirable. |
Norms:
| Quote: | | A behavior or belief that is considered typical of a community. |
Pluralistic society:
| Quote: | | a state of society in which members of diverse ethnic, racial, religious, or social groups maintain an independent participation in and development of their traditional culture or special interest within the confines of a common civilization |
Subculture:
| Quote: | | A social group with shared characteristics that distinguish it in some way from the larger cultural group or society in which it is embedded. |
Cultural Diffusion:
| Quote: | | the spread of cultural elements from one culture to another. |
What do humans need to be 'human?
Charles horton Cooley:
| Quote: | | Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929) was an American sociologist. Cooley's concept of the "looking glass self" is undoubtedly his most famous, and is known and accepted by most psychologists and sociologists today. (it refers to how you think others view yourself) |
George Herbet Mead:
| Quote: | | George Herbert Mead (February 27,1863 - April 26,1931) was a United States philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, who did much of his work at the University of Chicago as one of the founding members of the pragmatist school. He is regarded as the father of symbolic interactionism. |
Generalized Other:
| Quote: | | The generalized other is a concept used in the social sciences, especially in a field called symbolic interactionism. It is the general notion that a person has of the common expectations that others have about actions and thoughts within a particular society. Any time that an actor tries to imagine what is expected of them, they are taking on the perspective of the generalized other. |
Gender role Socialization:
| Quote: | | The process by which young children acquire the knowledge and internalize the values of socially determined sex roles. |
Resocialization:
| Quote: | | process of learning new and different set of attitudes, values and behaviors from those in one’s background or previous experience. |
How do the following Prepare us for participation in society?:
| Quote: | Neighborhood - Defines class, and values are tought
Day care - Interaction causes children to develop/learn more
religion - teaches good morals |
Statuses:
| Quote: | Master status - A master status is an all-important character trait that overshadows all of a person's other attributes
Ascribed status - Ascribed status is a social status a person is given from birth or assumes involuntarily later in life. For example, a person born into a wealthy family has a high ascribed status
Master ascribed status - Achieved status is a sociological term denoting a social position that a person assumes voluntarily which reflects personal skills, abilities, and efforts. Examples of achieved status are being an Olympic athlete, being a criminal, or being a teacher. |
Ethnomethodology:
| Quote: | | Ethnomethodology (literally, 'the study of people's methods') is asociological discipline which focuses on the way people make sense of the world and display their understandings of it. |
Social structure:
| Quote: | | The basic social organization of a society. |
Mechanical solidarity:
| Quote: | | a type of social integration based on mutuality of interests found in those societies with little division of labor. |
Regarding Mead and Piaget, what would be a common characteristic of their socialization theories?
| Quote: | | Both look at stages of development |
I forgot my book at school, so I have been using the internet as a resource for all the above definitions and answers. These are the answers I either could not find, was not satisfied with the answer, or the answer was different than it would be in my book. I will fill these in when I get my book from school:
What is the central question asked by sociologists to explain human behavior?
Social integration
Weber believed that the central force in social change was
What does marx suggest is the driving force in human history as well as the core of progress?
Potestant ethic- what is its relationship to capitalism? Who proposed this relationship?
Pure Sociology
When sociologists refer to 'culture within us' what does this mean?
Folkway/More
Value Contradiction
Nature Vs. Nurture
Degradation ceremony
Characteristics of the life stage of adolescence
micro/macro sociological perspectives differences/identify examples and theories
What ocurred with the first social revolution?
Gesellschaft/Gemeinschaft
Personal/social space
Studied nonobservance
Role conflict/Role strain
Ethnomethodology
Bioeconomic society
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